Greenfield, Massachusetts climate: Normal weather by month, frost dates and records
Greenfield's normal year runs from 15°F January nights to 83°F July afternoons, with 49.4 inches of precipitation a year. (NOAA 1991-2020 normals)
In metric: a yearly mean of 8.9°C, January lows of −10°C, July highs of 28°C, 1,255 mm of precipitation a year.
- NOAA stationGreenfield #3
- Station IDUSC00193229
- Location42.57°N 72.60°W
- Elevation130 ft (40 m)
- From the center3 miles
- Population17,633
On October 22, the normal high in Greenfield is 59°F and the normal low 37°F, and the chance of measurable rain or snow is 38%.
Normals describe a typical year at the station, not a forecast. The National Weather Service forecast for Greenfield.
- Jan 33° 15°
- Feb 37° 14°
- Mar 45° 23°
- Apr 59° 34°
- May 70° 45°
- Jun 78° 54°
- Jul 83° 59°
- Aug 81° 57°
- Sep 74° 50°
- Oct 62° 39°
- Nov 50° 29°
- Dec 40° 21°
Each month: normal high (large) and low, °F. Fill: the month's normal mean, colder blue to hotter red.
What is the weather like in Greenfield each month?
July is the warmest month, with normal highs of 83°F; January the coldest, with normal lows of 15°F. The most precipitation falls in June (4.84 in), the least in February (3.09 in).
Each month has its own page with the day-by-day normals, the month's records and its recent years:
| Month | High | Low | Mean | Precip. | Wet days | 90°F days | Freezing nights | Daylight |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| January | 33°F | 15°F | 24.0°F | 3.52 | 12 | <1 | 30 | 9 h 20 min |
| February | 37°F | 14°F | 25.5°F | 3.09 | 10 | <1 | 28 | 10 h 30 min |
| March | 45°F | 23°F | 34.3°F | 3.93 | 10 | <1 | 26 | 11 h 50 min |
| April | 59°F | 34°F | 46.4°F | 3.80 | 13 | <1 | 13 | 13 h 20 min |
| May | 70°F | 45°F | 57.4°F | 3.98 | 14 | 1 | 1 | 14 h 40 min |
| June | 78°F | 54°F | 66.0°F | 4.84 | 13 | 2 | <1 | 15 h 20 min |
| July | 83°F | 59°F | 71.0°F | 4.06 | 13 | 5 | <1 | 15 h |
| August | 81°F | 57°F | 69.2°F | 4.67 | 11 | 2 | <1 | 14 h |
| September | 74°F | 50°F | 62.2°F | 4.24 | 9 | 1 | <1 | 12 h 30 min |
| October | 62°F | 39°F | 50.5°F | 4.73 | 13 | <1 | 7 | 11 h 10 min |
| November | 50°F | 29°F | 39.3°F | 3.80 | 11 | <1 | 22 | 9 h 50 min |
| December | 40°F | 21°F | 30.1°F | 4.73 | 13 | <1 | 28 | 9 h |
| Year (annual) | 59°F | 37°F | 48.0°F | 49.39 | 141 | 10 | 154 |
The same normals in °C and millimetres
| Month | High | Low | Mean | Precip. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| January | 1°C | −10°C | −4.4°C | 89 mm |
| February | 3°C | −10°C | −3.6°C | 78 mm |
| March | 7°C | −5°C | 1.3°C | 100 mm |
| April | 15°C | 1°C | 8.0°C | 97 mm |
| May | 21°C | 7°C | 14.1°C | 101 mm |
| June | 26°C | 12°C | 18.9°C | 123 mm |
| July | 28°C | 15°C | 21.7°C | 103 mm |
| August | 27°C | 14°C | 20.7°C | 119 mm |
| September | 23°C | 10°C | 16.8°C | 108 mm |
| October | 17°C | 4°C | 10.3°C | 120 mm |
| November | 10°C | −2°C | 4.1°C | 97 mm |
| December | 4°C | −6°C | −1.1°C | 120 mm |
NOAA publishes no 1991-2020 snowfall normal for this station. The nearest record that keeps one, Amherst (13 miles away), gets 37 inches of snow in a normal year; elevation and distance can change that.
Source: NOAA NCEI 1991-2020 monthly normals, station USC00193229; annual normals. Wet days: 0.01 inch or more; 90°F days and freezing nights: NOAA's day counts. Daylight: sunrise to sunset on the 15th, computed from the latitude.
When is the best weather to visit Greenfield?
Normal highs sit between 65°F and 85°F in May, June, July, August and September. Of those, September has the fewest days with rain (9).
That is a measurement, not a recommendation: it counts the months whose normal afternoon high sits between 65°F and 85°F, where a light layer is enough by day.
Source: NOAA NCEI 1991-2020 monthly normals, station USC00193229.
When is the last frost in Greenfield?
In Greenfield, the last spring frost (32°F) comes after May 1 in half of years and after May 15 in one year in ten; the first autumn frost comes before October 11 in half of years and before September 29 in one year in ten.
Frost-free in half of yearsFrost in 1 to 9 years out of 10Frost most years
- Last spring frost, half of years after
- May 11 year in 10 after May 15; 9 in 10 after April 19
- First autumn frost, half of years before
- October 111 year in 10 before September 29; 9 in 10 before October 28
NOAA puts the median frost-free season at 162 days, and the season without a hard freeze (28°F) at 189 days.
A hard freeze (28°F) comes after April 18 in half of springs and before October 25 in half of autumns.
The USDA's 2023 Plant Hardiness Zone Map puts Greenfield in zone 6a in ZIP code 01301. By the map's own method, the average of each year's coldest night over 1991-2020, Greenfield's NOAA station is in zone 6a: the coldest night of a typical year reaches −7°F (18 complete years).
Frost dates for every NOAA station in Massachusetts · Frost dates by ZIP code
Source: NOAA NCEI 1991-2020 annual normals (frost probabilities), station USC00193229; USDA 2023 Plant Hardiness Zone Map, ZIP listings: PRISM Group, Oregon State University, https://prism.oregonstate.edu, accessed October 8, 2026; the station zone: ACIS daily lows, 1991-2020. A 10% date means one year in ten has a frost after it in spring or before it in autumn.
How hot and how cold does it get in Greenfield?
In a normal year in Greenfield, 10 days a year reach 90°F, 154 nights fall to 32°F or colder and 141 days bring measurable precipitation.
- Days at 90°F or more
- 10a normal year
- Days at 100°F or more
- fewer than 1a normal year
- Nights at 32°F or colder
- 154a normal year
- Days that stay below freezing
- 33high of 32°F or less
- Days with 0.01 inch of precipitation
- 141a normal year
Source: NOAA NCEI 1991-2020 annual normals, station USC00193229.
How sunny is Greenfield?
Over a year 71% of the sunlight that would reach the ground under clear skies gets through the clouds in the area around Greenfield, 3.8 kWh per square metre a day. August is the sunniest month (77%) and December the cloudiest (62%).
| Month | Share of clear-sky sunshine | Sunshine, kWh/m² a day |
|---|---|---|
| January | 66% | 1.8 |
| February | 67% | 2.6 |
| March | 68% | 3.7 |
| April | 68% | 4.7 |
| May | 68% | 5.3 |
| June | 71% | 5.7 |
| July | 77% | 6.0 |
| August | 77% | 5.3 |
| September | 76% | 4.3 |
| October | 67% | 2.7 |
| November | 68% | 1.9 |
| December | 62% | 1.4 |
Source: NASA POWER solar climatology, 2001-2020 (CERES SYN1deg). Satellite-based, for the 1-degree cell (about 100 km across) around the station, so it describes the area rather than the airport.
How much heating and cooling does Greenfield need?
A normal year in Greenfield brings 6,683 heating degree days, 24% more than the median U.S. place (5,373), and 519 cooling degree days, 43% fewer than the median (908). Seven months need 300 or more heating degree days, a monthly mean of about 55°F or colder. For gardens and crops, NOAA counts 2,526 growing degree days a year above 50°F.
| Month | Heating | Cooling |
|---|---|---|
| January | 1,272 | 0 |
| February | 1,106 | 0 |
| March | 952 | 0 |
| April | 560 | 2 |
| May | 257 | 21 |
| June | 60 | 90 |
| July | 11 | 196 |
| August | 21 | 151 |
| September | 140 | 55 |
| October | 454 | 3 |
| November | 770 | 0 |
| December | 1,082 | 0 |
| Year (annual) | 6,683 | 519 |
Source: NOAA NCEI 1991-2020 monthly normals, station USC00193229. A degree day is one degree of a day's mean temperature below 65°F (heating) or above it (cooling); utilities use them to estimate energy use.
Has Greenfield been warmer than normal lately?
2025 averaged 47.9°F, 0.1°F below the 1991-2020 normal of 48.0°F. 4 of the 5 complete years since 2021 ran warmer than the normal.
| Year | Mean | Against normal | Precip. |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2021 | 49.9°F | +1.9°F | 56.52 |
| 2022 | 49.0°F | +1.0°F | 43.08 |
| 2023 | 50.1°F | +2.1°F | 66.15 |
| 2024 | 50.5°F | +2.5°F | 52.31 |
| 2025 | 47.9°F | −0.1°F | 43.47 |
Source: observed years: ACIS, station USC00193229. A year counts only with all twelve months complete.
How does Greenfield's climate compare?
Greenfield is warmer than 5 of the other 34 places with their own NOAA record in Massachusetts, and wetter than 24. Across the 7,247 U.S. stations with normals, its annual mean of 48.0°F is warmer than 32%.
In the Köppen classification computed from these normals, Greenfield is Dfb: continental, no dry season, warm summer. What the classes mean.
Places with the most similar year elsewhere
Measured month by month on the normal high, low and precipitation, among places of 20,000 or more people in other states:
Source: NOAA NCEI 1991-2020 normals for every station PlainClimate covers. Similarity: the root-mean-square difference of the 36 monthly figures, precipitation weighted so an inch counts like 6°F.
Which places near Greenfield share this climate record?
4 places have no NOAA station with 1991-2020 normals of their own, and this station is the nearest full record. A place's own climate can differ from these figures, by several degrees where it sits much higher or lower than the station, nearer the coast, or inside a large city's heat; for the larger places the next nearest records are named with their yearly mean, so the spread around them is visible, and places of 50,000 or more have their own page with NOAA's gridded normals.
- Turners Falls, MA3,949 people · 3 mi NE
- Hinsdale, NH4,027 people · 16 mi N
- Millers Falls, MA1,081 people · 5 mi E
- Deerfield, MA5,177 people · 2 mi S
Source: Census Bureau 2024 Gazetteer (place centers) and Vintage 2024 population estimates. Distance and direction from the station to each place's center.
Questions about Greenfield's climate
What is the coldest month in Greenfield?
January, with a normal high of 33°F and a normal low of 15°F. The warmest is July (83°F by day, 59°F at night).
Does it snow in Greenfield?
Yes. NOAA publishes no 1991-2020 snowfall normal for Greenfield's NOAA station; the nearest record that keeps one, Amherst (13 miles away), records 37 inches of snow in a normal year.
What is the rainiest month in Greenfield?
June, with 4.84 in of precipitation in a normal year; the driest is February with 3.09 in.
What plant hardiness zone is Greenfield in?
The USDA's 2023 map puts Greenfield in zone 6a in ZIP code 01301. By the same method at Greenfield's NOAA station, the coldest night of a typical year reaches −7°F (18 years, 1991-2020): zone 6a.
How late can frost come in Greenfield?
In half of years the last 32°F night comes after May 1; in one year in ten it comes after May 15. Waiting until May 15 leaves about a one-in-ten chance of a later frost.
Nearby and next
- Greenfield in OctoberThis month day by day, its records and recent years
- Massachusetts climateThe statewide normals and every place in the state
- Leverett #2, MA9 miles from this station, 47.4°F a year
- Amherst, MA13 miles from this station, 48.2°F a year
- East Hawley, MA14 miles from this station, 42.6°F a year
- Orange, MA16 miles from this station, 48.3°F a year
- Compare two placesMonth by month, side by side
Download these normals (CSV) · JSON · How these figures are made